Computer Languages History

• Action Script
  1. Action Script Home Page
  2. Action Script Adobe Developer Connection
  3. Action Script tutorials

• Ada
  1. Ada 95
  2. Ada Home Page
  3. AdaPower
  4. Special Interest Group on Ada
  5. Ada Information Clearinghouse

• ALGOL
  1. The ALGOL Programming Language
• AWK
  1. The AWK Programming Language by Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, and Peter J. Weinberger
• APL
  1. Apl Language
  2. APL

• B
  1. The Programming Language B (abstract)
  2. Users’ Reference to B by Ken Thompson
• BASIC
  1. The Basic Archives
  2. Visual Basic Instinct
  3. Visual Basic & Visual Basic .NET Resources
  4. True BASIC
  5. REALbasic
• BCPL
  1. BCPL Reference Manual by Martin Richards
• C
  1. The Development of the C Language by Dennis Ritchie
  2. Very early C compilers and language by Dennis Ritchie
  3. The C Programming Language (book)
  4. Programming languages – C ANSI by ISO/IEC (draft)
  5. C Programming Course

• C++
  1. The C++ Programming Language (book)
  2. C and C++: Siblings (pdf) by Bjarne Stroustrup
  3. C++0x – the next ISO C++ standard by Bjarne Stroustrup
• C#
  1. Visual C# Language by Microsoft.
• Caml
  1. The Caml language
  2. Objective Caml
  3. The Objective-Caml system
• CLU
  1. CLU Home Page
• COBOL
  1. IBM COBOL family
  2. COBOL Portal
  3. TinyCOBOL
  4. COBOL User Groups – COBUG

• CORAL
  1. Coral66
  2. Computer On-line Real-time Applications Language Coral 66 Specification for Compilers (pdf)
• CPL
  1. Combined Programming Language (Wikipedia)
• Delphi
  1. Delphi 2005 by Borland
  2. Pascal and Delphi
  3. A brief history of Borland’s Delphi
  4. Delphi Treff: Delphi versions (german)
• Eiffel
  1. Eiffel
  2. EiffelStudio by Eiffel Software
  3. Visual Eiffel by Object Tools
  4. SmartEiffel
  5. EiffelZone
• Flash
  1. Adobe Flash

Flex

1. Adobe Flex Software development kit

Flow-Matic

1. Flow-Matic and Cobol

Forth

1. Forth Interest Group Home Page

Fortran

1. User notes on Fortran programming
2. Fortran 2000 draft
3. Fortran 2003 JTC1/SC22/WG5

• Haskell
  1. Haskell Home Page
• Icon
  1. The Icon Programming Language
  2. Icon
  3. History of the Icon programming language
  4. Unicon, the Unified Extended Dialect of Icon
• J
  1. J software
  2. A management perspective of the “J” programming language
• Java
  1. Java by Sun Microsystems
  2. Java Technology: an early history
  3. Programming Languages for the Java Virtual Machine
  4. James Gosling’s home page
• JavaScript
  1. Cmm History by Nombas
  2. JavaScript Language Resources from Mozilla
  3. Standard ECMA-262

• Lisp
  1. The Association of Lisp Users
  2. An Introduction and Tutorial for Common Lisp
• Mainsail
  • Mainsail from Xidak.
  1. Mainsail Implementation Overview by Stanford Computer Systems Laboratory.
• M (MUMPS)
  1. M technologies
  2. M[UMPS] Development Committee
  3. What is M Technology?
• ML
  1. Standard ML
  2. Standard ML ’97
• Modula
  1. Modula-2
  2. Modula-3 Home Page
  3. Modula-2 ISO/IEC

• Oberon
  1. A Brief History of Oberon
  2. A Description of the Oberon-2 Language
  3. The Programming Language Oberon-2
  4. Oberon Language Genealogy Tree
• Objective-C
  1. Objective-C
  2. Objective-C FAQ
  3. Introduction to The Objective-C Programming Language by Apple
  4. Objective-C: Links, Resources, Stuff
• Pascal
  1. ISO Pascal (document)
  2. Pascal and Delphi
• Perl
  1. Perl Home Page
  2. Perl
  3. Larry Wall’s Very Own Home Page
• PHP
  1. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PL/I
  1. Multics PL/I
  2. IBM PL/I family by IBM
• Plankalkül
  1. Plankalkül
• PostScript
  1. PostScript level 3 by Adobe
  2. PostScript GhostScript PDF
  3. GhostScript Home Page
• Prolog
  1. Prolog Programming Language
  2. The Prolog Language
• Python
  1. Python Home Page

• Rexx
  1. IBM REXX Family by IBM
  2. The Rexx Language Association
• Ruby
  1. Ruby Home Page
  2. Ruby programming language (Wikipedia)
  3. Ruby – doc
• Sail
  1. Sail (Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language)
• Sather
  1. Sather History
  2. Sather
  3. GNU Sather
• Scheme
  1. Scheme by MIT
  2. The Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme (in PostScript)
  3. Schemers Home Page
  4. SCM
• Self
  1. Self Home Page from Sun
• Sh
  1. The Traditional Bourne Shell Family by Sven Mascheck
  2. Korn Shell by David Korn
  3. Bash from GNU
  4. Zsh
• Simula
  1. Simula by Jan Rune Holmevik
• Smalltalk
  1. Smalltalk Home Page
  2. Smalltalk FAQ
  3. The Early History of Smalltalk
  4. The Smalltalk Industry Council web site
  5. VisualAge Smalltalk from IBM
  6. VisualWorks from Cincom
  7. The history of Squeak
  8. ANSI Smalltalk
• SNOBOL
  1. Snobol4 Resources by Phil Budne
  2. Introduction to SNOBOL Programming Language by Mohammad Noman Hameed
  3. Snobol4
• Tcl/Tk
  1. Tcl/Tk Information